![]() Today, Hurtigruten Expeditions is the world’s largest expedition cruise line, offering big adventures on small, custom-built ships – including the world’s first battery hybrid-powered cruise ship – to over 250 destinations from Pole to Pole, including the Galapagos and West Africa. When the operator initiated its first cruise to the Arctic in 1896, it founded expedition cruising. Building on 130 years of Norwegian pioneering heritage, the Group’s storied Coastal Express has been carrying travelers, locals, and goods along Norway’s coast since 1893. Hurtigruten Group is the undisputed global leader in sustainable cruising. Remarkably, PayPal appears to have done absolutely nothing to stop this rip-off. I’ll tell you how I almost fell for it - and how you can avoid becoming a victim of this dangerous new PayPal scam. It was a legitimate message from PayPal with a real invoice. When I see a notification from PayPal, I assume it’s a scam.īut the email I received earlier this week was different. Just this morning, I heard from a reader who lost more than $20,000 when someone accessed her PayPal account without permission and slowly drained it over several weeks. The bad guys love to prey on gullible users by hacking into their accounts and emptying their bank accounts. Once you do, the criminals go to work, clearing your PayPal account of money. The email tries to get you to reveal your password. Phishing involves sending a message that pretends to be from a reputable company like PayPal. That’s right, PayPal is enabling this ruse on its own site. It’s a phishing scam that baits customers with a real invoice sent directly from PayPal. This one almost got me - and I cover scams for a living. During the voice prompts I said, “Connect me to customer service.” You can also just press 0 or say, “PayPal agent.” Eventually, I reached a real person at PayPal.There’s a dangerous new PayPal scam making the rounds. You may receive faster help by visiting our Help Center and sending us a message.”īut I wanted to talk to a human being. ![]() PayPal Support Page (Help Center): /us/smarthelp/homeĭetails : When I called PayPal’s customer service number, an automated voice on the other end said: “Customer service representatives may not be available for service. Social Media: Zelle’s Support Social Media team takes inquires via Twitter at from 8 a.m. Note: If you find an error on your bank statement or receipt, Zelle asks that you get in touch no later than 90 days after you discover the issue.Īlso, the company says in its Terms of Service, “If you tell us verbally, we may require that you send us your complaint or question in writing within ten (10) business days.” 90th Street, Scottsdale, Arizona 85260, Attn. Live phone support is not generally available at this time.”Ĭontact Zelle by Mail : You can write to Zelle at this address: 16552 N. Cash App Customer Serviceĭetails : When I called Cash App’s customer service number, an automated voice said: “To contact a Cash team member, please do so through your Cash App or by visiting cash.app/help. If you ever make a mistake sending money through one of these apps, here is how to contact their customer service departments. That means there could be hundreds of people listed in each app - each just one false tap away. One reason for payment mistakes is because Cash App, Zelle and PayPal all let you sync your phone contacts to their apps. Money expert Clark Howard says if you happen to send money to the wrong person using these apps, “generally, there’s no way to get it back.” ![]() ![]() And if you’re like me, you have to be careful when you use them, because it’s easy to send money to the wrong person. Here’s How to Contact Cash App, Zelle and PayPalĬash App, Zelle and PayPal are the three payment apps I have downloaded on my phone. In this article, we’re going to show you how to contact Cash App, Zelle and PayPal. ![]() It’s easy to send money but not so easy to get help. If you’ve ever tried to reach the customer service department at one of the popular money payment apps, you know how difficult it can be. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Standing with the Prime Minister, the Air New Zealand Chair Dame Therese Walsh apologised on behalf of the airline which she said had failed its duty of care to passengers and staff. On 28 November 2019, Prime Minister Jacinda Adern apologised for the actions of the airline which ultimately caused the loss of the aircraft, and the loss of 257 lives. Now, on the occasion of the 40-year commemoration of the disaster, a full apology has been made. It was not tabled in Parliament until the 20-year commemoration in 1999. The Royal Commission report was released in 1981. This changed the flight path from the middle of the flat ice sheet in McMurdo Sound, to a path into Lewis Bay and directly toward Mount Erebus. ![]() The change in the flight co-ordinates resulted in the navigation path shifting east by around 27 miles at the final way point. Among various contributing causes, the dominant and effective cause was found to be a combination of act and omission on the part of Air New Zealand: changing the navigation co-ordinates to be put in the aircraft computer flight plan six hours before departure and failing to tell the flight crew of the change. ![]() The inquiry ran for 75 days with 284 exhibits and 3,083 pages of evidence. The aircraft crashed in broad daylight and in clear air, in polar white-out conditions, into the lower slopes of a 12,000 foot mountain on Ross Island, Antarctica. The Erebus disaster occurred on 28 November 1979. So began the Erebus report, pursuant to Letters Patent of King George V dated, and subject to the provisions of the Commissions of Inquiry Act 1908. Reposing trust and confidence in his integrity, knowledge and ability, Justice Peter Thomas Mahon was nominated, appointed and constituted as a Royal Commission, to inquire into, and report on, the crash of a DC10 aircraft at Mount Erebus, Antarctica. ![]() ![]() ![]() She has also collaborated with Merryweather Comics to make a short comics series. On the Trash Taste Podcast, Calliope and The Anime Man talked about writing a rap together. Calliope and Kronii played Orcs Must Die!! 3 together, and on March 26, 2022, the two held their first reading stream together, which was of the manga The Insipid Prince's Furitive Grab for the Throne!. Sana and Fauna were part of a chatting stream with Calliope. They have also reviewed their viewers rooms together. When Baelz of HoloCouncil debuted, the two bonded over their shared modeler, and referred to one another as "sisters". Calliope and Watame have had a rap battle. In October 2021, Calli partnered with Boogey Voxx to release an original song Graveyard Shift, and in December Calli and Gura announced a new original song. Later, the two would cover Ussewa - Ado together. Ĭalli and Reine had a fishing contest and later played Clubhouse 51 games together.Įven though Coco was the one who inspired her to join Hololive, in August of 2021, Calli revealed that it was Milky Queen of 米プリンセスチャンネル who introduced her to the rabbit hole of VTubers, and collaborated with her. Mouse and Calli would collaborate again in January 2022 to play Shadowverse. Ĭalliope and Ironmouse collaborated over Twitch, making their stream the second VShojo x Hololive collab after the Nyanners x Kiara stream. On December 31, 2022, Calliope met Ina'nis and Mel in real life. Calli, Ollie and Rushia also form the unit "Holodeath" together. She once collaborated with Haachama in a stream dedicated to learning English swear words, and all her genmates played Garctic Phone with IRyS. Even though Calli tends to collaborate a lot with Kiara, Polka and Suisei have admitted attraction to her, the latter calling her "cool and beautiful". Mori has partnered with Ollie to play Phasmophobia, APEX Legends and Super Mario Party, the latter of which also included Coco Kiryu. ![]() In Fall of 2021, Kiara would actually admit that she couldn't go on with the ship anymore because she felt as if the gag was getting old and taking over most of her streams compared to her actual content nevertheless the two were still good friends and had collabs scheduled. But in real life, she has admitted that this is purely for comedic effect and she really isn't bothered by Kiara, and if she was, she would tell her. She enjoys insulting Kiara and making her suffer, like making Kiara sing the infamously terrible German "Believe It" Naruto OP though later the two would duet the song. However Calliope usually reacts with disgust and anger and calls Kiara "kusotori" (Japanese for "shitbird"). Kiara even received her microphone from Calliope. ![]() Īt the start of her VTuber career, Kiara and Calli were the only HoloEN members residing in Japan, and as a result they collaborated more than anyone. She also reacts to her fans wearing fashion merchandise. She has also tried to learn German and hosts cooking streams. Her other content includes "Cursed ASMRs", where instead of comforting/satisfying the viewer, she attempts to hurt their ears. The first manga she ever read on stream was My Dad's The Queen of all VTubers?!. Sometimes Calli hosts streams where she does dramatic readings of manga, most notably Bloom into You, which featured Kiara. She has also watched Shrek 1 & 2, Fight Club, Billy Madison, Happy Gilmore and The Boondock Saints. She enjoys watching movies with her audience, including infamously bad ones such as Tommy Wiseau's The Room and The Disaster Artist. She has also covered The World's Continuation - Ado. On the 10th of May she collaborated with Rikka to produce Spiral Tones. It also peaked at #5 on the Japanese, America, Australian overall album chart. It peaked at #1 on the Japanese, American, German, and Australian hip-hop chart. On April 4, 2021, she released her second EP "Your Mori." that coincided with her birthday. On January 31, 2021, she released a new original song "Off With Their Head". On November 1, 2020, she released a new original song "Cursed Night". On October 20, 2020, she released her first EP "Dead Beats", and peaked at #1 on the Japanese hip-hop chart and #4 on the American chart. She has played a number of games including Minecraft, Princess Connect, BLOODSTAINED:Ritual of the Night, Touhou, Halo, Crash Bandicoot, Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes, Don't Starve Together, Among Us, Overcooked 2, Knockout City, DOOM, Friday Night Funkin', APEX Legends, Persona 3, Persona 5, VA-11 HALL-A, Powerwash Simulator and Mad Father. Calliope Mori's channel was created on July 16, 2020, but she debuted on Septemwith an introduction livestream. ![]() ![]() It’s Not About the Bike, his 2000 autobiography, he tells Zenovich with a completely straight face, was unfairly picked apart, because “everything in that book was true, except for when I address doping”. ![]() Photograph: Laurent Rebours/APĪrmstrong reveals himself, throughout Lance, to be a master at evading the question – at reframing it, redefining it, and stacking it with caveats in order to cast himself in a better light. Lance Armstrong in the yellow jersey during his first Tour de France victory in 1999. This is, of course, an assertion as ludicrous as it is unbelievable – but it offers an insight into the intensity of the delusion that pervaded the sport that Armstrong came to dominate. Derek Bouchard-Hall, the former CEO of USA Cycling and a contemporary of Armstrong, tells Zenovich that “there were no morals and ethics” around doping in the 1990s, that people “were still figuring things out, and we forget that now” – as if the history of drug use at the Olympics, anabolic steroids, Ben Johnson and all the rest had somehow passed the world of cycling by. So that was the decision we had to make.”Ĭheating, in other words, was the work of a collective, which makes it easy to resist personal responsibility – as Armstrong clearly still does. The sport went from low octane doping, which had always existed, to this high octane rocket fuel. Here he is, for instance, on the development of EPO and his own turn to doping, under the tutelage of the notorious drug doctor Michele Ferrari, from the mid-1990s: “The performance benefits were so great. His basic thesis is that he was a blameless naif, thrust into the maw of an evil sport. We all lied.”ĭoping, Armstrong maintains, “was just ingrained in the sport, right up until the time that I got there from Plano, Texas”. “The only way you can dope and be honest is if nobody ever asks you, which is not realistic. Armstrong’s preferred pronouns throughout the documentary are “you” and “we” – “I” does not get much of a workout. What we do not see much of is remorse or self-reflection. In Lance we see Armstrong combative, defensive, distracted and restless, the coiled fury that propelled him – back arched, eyes dead-ahead, through all those time trials and mountain stages – still very much visible. I tried to straddle the good and the bad.” Was it an exercise in image rehabilitation? An attempt, in the cliched language of sporting redemption, to “tell his story”? “I don’t really know,” says Zenovich. Zenovich says Armstrong set no ground rules for their discussions (“Nothing is off limits,” he told her) but she cannot identify, even after two years of work on Lance, exactly what his motivation for participating in the documentary was. Zenovich sat for eight interviews with Armstrong, between March 2018 and August 2019, and it is those conversations that form the core of Lance, which takes in the full sweep of the Armstrong saga, from his childhood and breakthrough world cycling championship at the age of 21, to cancer, his first experiences with cortisone and growth hormones, the seven consecutive Tour de France victories, his belligerence in the face of doping allegations, and the final unravelling of his career, from 2010 to 2013, as the full extent of his drug use finally came to light. ![]() It is certainly one that Armstrong himself appears eager to embrace. This structural explanation for Armstrong’s wrongdoing sounds exculpatory, and to a degree it is. I drove him like an animal.” (“He beat the shit out of me,” Lance recalls.) We hear Armstrong explaining how he forged his birth certificate to pass himself off as a 16-year-old and enter his first triathlon, rationalising the deception with cool command: “Forge the certificate, compete illegally, and beat everybody.” We watch as cycling contemporary Bobby Julich recalls how, at the end of his first head-to-head race against Armstrong, when they were both still teenagers, Armstrong yelled at him: “Come on you fucking pussy, let’s keep going – I’m not done yet.” We see Armstrong’s stepfather, Terry Armstrong, claim: “Lance would not be the champion he is today without me, because I drove him. In the 10 minutes that follow, the director, Marina Zenovich, assembles a tableau of reminiscences that make that shocking admission seem somehow understandable. “It’s a miracle I’m not a mass murderer,” Lance Armstrong, reflecting on his mother Linda’s laissez-faire approach to parenting, muses in the opening scenes of Lance, the new two-part ESPN documentary whose first half screens in the US on Sunday night. ![]() ![]() Uses of Mean, Median, Mode, and Range: Insights into Diverse Fields Utilizing the mean could provide insights into average purchase amounts, while the median might offer a better picture of typical spending, considering potential outliers. For instance, imagine you are a business owner seeking to understand customer spending habits. ![]() These concepts find their way into diverse fields, from analyzing market trends to interpreting medical data. In an era driven by data, understanding mean, median, mode, and range extend beyond the classroom. Applying Mean Median Mode Definitions in Real Life Now you know Mean Median Mode Formula, let’s discuss how we can apply all these in real life. Range, using the above dataset, is calculated as: The range is the difference between the dataset's highest value (max) and the lowest value (min). The mode is simply the value that appears most frequently in the dataset. Median = (Middle Value 1 + Middle Value 2) / 2 If N is odd, the median is the middle value if N is even, the median is the average of the two middle values. To find the median, arrange the data in ascending order and identify the middle value. Using the formula above, in our example data set, the mean is calculated as: The mean can be calculated by summing up all values (Σx) and then dividing by the total count (N). Let's consider the following data set for our examples. To compute these statistics, understanding the formulas for Mean Mode Median Formula is crucial. Now we know the mean median mode definition, next we are going to discuss and use mean mode median formula to calculate each one individually. Effortlessly handling range calculations, users are freed from the complexities of manual computations. By calculating the difference between the highest and lowest values, the range offers a glimpse into the data's variability. While the mean and median provide insight into central tendency, the range focuses on the spread of the data. The incorporation of intuitive tools streamlines the identification of modes within datasets, making it a go-to choice for those dealing with data-heavy tasks. The mode helps identify the most common value in a dataset, allowing researchers and analysts to uncover patterns and trends. In scenarios where finding the most frequently occurring value is paramount, the mode takes the spotlight. ![]() The user-friendly interface ensures that calculating the median becomes an intuitive process, aiding users in efficiently handling data analysis tasks. This value serves as a robust indicator of central tendency and is particularly valuable when handling datasets that contain outliers. The median, a vital statistical concept, is the middle value in a dataset when arranged in ascending or descending order. With its innovative capabilities, even complex calculations involving mean can be effortlessly tackled. It serves as a pivotal tool in understanding the "typical" value within a set of data points. Calculated by summing up all values and dividing by the total count, the mean offers a snapshot of the data's central tendency. ![]() Mean: The Heart of Data AveragesĪt its core, the mean (the first one in mean median mode range) is a statistical measure representing a dataset's average value. Let’s dig deeper and look at the Mean Median Mode definition in detail. So, let's dive in and explore the fascinating world of statistics! Mean Median Mode Definition: Unveiling the Basics Whether you're a student, researcher, or professional, having a solid understanding of these concepts is necessary for making informed decisions and drawing accurate conclusions from data. This article will delve into these concepts' definitions, formulas, and practical applications, shedding light on their significance in both academic and real-world contexts. Mean median mode range are fundamental terms that are essential to understand. Statistical concepts are crucial in the field of mathematics, as they allow individuals to analyze data effectively. ![]() ![]() Here, we look for the price of an Apple MacBook Pro. On creating the concatenated column successfully, we can now look for the value.Then, drag the formula down to the rest of the cells in the column. On creating the helper column, enter the formula =C2&”-”&D2.This will help you insert a column to the left of the Company column. First, right-click on a column header and click on Insert.This column will store the concatenated values of both columns.įollow the steps below to perform VLOOKUP with multiple criteria. In our example, we will be calculating the price based on both company and product.įor example, if we have to look up the price of an Apple MacBook Pro, where the company name and product name are in two different columns, we use a helper column. With a helper column, you can give multiple criteria that the VLOOKUP genetically cannot handle. ![]() How to Use VLOOKUP for Multiple Criteria? Let’s proceed to the next section and understand how to use VLOOKUP for multiple criteria. The value returned, in this case, is 8GB for the price of $1300.
![]() ![]() ![]() That love only increased over the years, with an ongoing career in independent filmmaking and screenwriting after graduating with a degree in Film and television from DePaul University.Have you ever watched Transformers films when you were a kid? Are you a big fan of Transformers? Have you fantasized that one day your car will become a Transformer? This sincere love for the art of storytelling began at a young age, with Aidan making video movie reviews for the news program at his local high school. He has covered major industry events, such as San Diego Comic-Con and the D23 Expo, and interviewing experience with The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder star Jo Marie Payton. A lover of all genres, some of Aidan's favorite topics are Singin' in the Rain, Star Wars, Marvel, John Wick, and everything pertaining to acting icon Tim Curry. In addition to his work as a Senior Resource Writer, Aidan has also contributed to Collider's features and news reporting sections. In addition to being a die-hard fan of filmmaking, television, video gaming, and anything else with a gripping narrative, Aidan Kelley is also a passionate and detail-oriented writer and journalist at. Optimus has had a long road in the main film series, with some key events including getting killed and then resurrected by a mystical Cybertronian device, killing his sworn rival Megatron ( Hugo Weaving) twice, and even being briefly brainwashed by a malevolent god. Thus both the Autobots and Decepticons fled to Earth, where Optimus vowed to protect the humans from the threat their enemies posed. Optimus is the formidable leader of the Autobots, a group of benevolent Transformers who found themselves in a deadly civil war against the dreaded Decepticons, which in turn caused their home planet of Cybertron to become an unlivable battleground. The legendary voice actor has voiced the iconic hero in virtually every single movie, show, and video game since the original animated series, which is a legacy that many actors can only dream of.ĭespite the live-action films having a heavy focus on the human characters, Prime is still front and center in nearly all the films and his journey in them isn't all that dissimilar from the source material. It should come as a surprise to absolutely no one that the leader of the Autobots and the face of the Transformers franchise is voiced by none other than Eeyore himself, Peter Cullen ( The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh). Thus, Transformers: Rise of the Beasts was born, not only bringing back fan favorites like the leader of the Autobots himself Optimus Prime ( Peter Cullen) but also reintroducing the Beast Wars storyline from the 1996 sequel series of the same name. ![]() Though it's the lowest-grossing film in the franchise, Bumblebee is fondly remembered as the best live-action film in the series, so it makes sense that the next film in this long-running saga would be a direct continuation of the prequel. The film spawned a total of five sequels that have received some mixed reception from fans, critics, and general audiences alike, but that same group responded far kinder to Bumblebee, which functioned as both a prequel and soft-reboot of the franchise. We finally got that in 2007 when filmmaker Michael Bay brought the action spectacle of the conflict between Autobots and Decepticons to the big screen. The series was also a massive runaway success among young audiences and, like many nostalgic animated shows, was destined to get a live-action remake one day. To put it simply, having toy cars and trucks that transform into robotic warriors is just plain cool, and it's no wonder why the toy line got its own animated series the very same year the action figures made it on the shelves. The Transformers franchise is just two years away from being forty years old, cementing it as one of the longest-running and universally popular toy franchises of all time. ![]() ![]() France Frances Francesca Francine Francis Francisca Franciscan Franciscans Francisco. ![]() This not only brightens the days but also uplifts the atmosphere during the month.įor specific regional weather insights in Dordogne for September, refer to the map provided below.įor an in-depth overview of the yearly weather and climate conditions, do visit our Dordogne climate page. Dordogne Dordrecht Doreen Dorian Dorians Doric Doris Doritos Dorking. Meanwhile, Sarlat-la-Canéda enjoys close to 202 hours of sunlight. In September, precipitation varies across different areas.įrom moderate rainfall in Bergerac with an average of 66mm (2.6 inches) to moderate rainfall in Sarlat-la-Canéda with 75mm (2.9 inches). Up to 90 days of daily highs, lows, and precipitation chances. Read on for more information on the best time to visit the Dordogne, plus expert advice and traveller tips to help you make the most of your holiday. Know whats coming with AccuWeathers extended daily forecasts for Bordeaux, Gironde, France. You can expect warm maximum daytime temperatures of around 25☌ (76☏) and nighttime temperatures around 13☌ (55☏) in Sarlat-la-Canéda. Warm summer days pair perfectly with paddling adventures along the Dordogne river, but hiking and biking breaks in spring or autumn will reveal this region without the school holiday crowds. September in Dordogne generally has warm temperatures, with moderate precipitation. ![]() What is the weather like in Dordogne in September? Planning a getaway to Dordogne this September and curious about the weather you should prepare for? Discover all the vital details you need on this page, solving your puzzle: ![]() ![]() ![]() Low percentages of Ammonia and MEA in hair color creates less swelling of the. In the meantime, we'll marvel over this sugar-fix look and contemplate the next hair coloring moves. Hair Color Eufora EuforaColor 4.73 / 4AG - Medium Espresso Brown - No Ammonia. With this switch up, we can only assume that the hair trends will revert backward for the spring and summer of 2023, and we'll see darker-toned updates. Giannetos made a daring move for this time of year as historically, people updating their hair colorings typically opt for darker, moodier shades - but we'll take this standout moment as it fits Clooney perfectly. This delicious melt flatters both cool and warm undertones. Seamlessly blended into a deep brunette base, get the best of both worlds with a rich espresso brown that fades to a warm caramel. So brown color Overtone color conditioners in shades like espresso can help cover up the roots until your next salon appointment. Here is today’s most updated version of ombre in gorgeous chocolate tones. The grown-out roots can spoil the whole look of your hair color. It's a warm brown-red, almost reminiscent of your favorite winter drink, hot chocolate. Darker ones like Espresso, Golden Brown, and Rich Black and lighter ones like Vibrant Yellow, Extreme Silver, etc. For your espresso hair dye, reach for the L’Oral Paris Superior Preference Fade-Defying Shine Permanent Hair Color in Cool Darkest Brown. Anti-fade dark cool espresso brown color. This coffee hair color is one of the easiest to achieve and maintain at home, making it an extra popular pick. John Frieda Precision Foam Colour, 4PBN Dark Cool Espresso Brown, Colour-Nourishing Permanent Hair Color Kits non-drip foam formula penetrates strands for deep color saturation and spreads easily into roots and hard-to-reach areas, for complete coverage without patchiness. ![]() In the snaps, we see that her hair has gone warmer from the darker tone we're used to seeing. Espresso strands involve a rich, dark brown base that’s nearly black. It was quite a shock when hairstylist Dimitris Giannetos took to Instagram to reveal his new hair shade masterpiece. Being a busy social person, I struggle to manage my twice-a-week haircuts (a male beauty editor has to stay on point.) So imagine how hard it must be for human rights activist and social change influencer Amal Clooney to keep up with her hair? Well, we were put to shame when the A-Lister emerged from the ashes or shall we say "grinds" of her espresso-brown tresses.Ĭlooney's expensive brown tresses were almost guaranteed in a world of celebrities who are constantly updating their manes. ![]() ![]() ![]() Commercial advantages of this technology include higher product uniformity, which opens up the possibility for high-volume and low-cost manufacture. State-of-the-art ceramic layer thickness is as small as 10 µm, giving options to design components of various operating voltages. Ceramic layers that are up to 10 times thinner mean that the operating voltage needed to obtain the equivalent electric-field strength and strain in the actuator can be reduced by a factor of 10. This multilayer technology offers the major advantage of flexibility of component design (enabling much thinner ceramic layers, a customized internal electrode structure, and processing of a variety of forms and shapes). More-efficient ways of making actuator components smaller and more able to comply with modern standards have since been developed, with co-fired multilayer ceramic technology the preferred method (see Fig. However, this approach has several disadvantages-principally, high operating voltages (in the 500- to 1000-V range) and large size-although it provides good piezoelectric-actuator properties. External connectors enabling the activation of all the actuator elements are then used to connect all of the ground and positive electrodes. During this process, the electric dipoles align and respond collectively to subsequent smaller field changes.įor many years, piezoelectric actuators have been manufactured by stacking a large number of very thin (0.2-mm) piezoelectric discs, with copper shims in between each disc to act as ground and positive electrodes to opposite sides of the actuator stack. This ceramic material must be polarized to exhibit piezoelectric properties-this involves heating the crystal to a temperature beyond which the electric dipoles are randomly arranged while being subjected to an electric field. The most common form of piezoceramic used today is based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The deformation is proportional to the applied electric field it is this change in shape that is useful when producing small motions required for both micro- and nanopositioning devices.Īlthough the piezoelectric effect is small in naturally occurring crystals, current materials technology has produced a range of ceramics that can deliver linear extensions of up to 0.15%-for example, on the order of 150 µm for a device 100 mm long. ![]() This effect is known as the indirect piezoelectric effect. Conversely, the application of an electric field to a piezoelectric crystal leads to a physical deformation of the crystal. This effect is known as the direct piezoelectric effect. The rise of co-fired multilayer technologyĬertain crystals (for example, quartz) develop an electric charge (and in the case of a closed circuit, a current) when exposed to mechanical stress. In applying this technology, engineers must design motion-feedback mechanisms so that voltage can be regulated to create the exact movement required. Piezoelectric actuators can give the same performance from a smaller component, produce higher-resolution movement, and require a lower operating voltage than other types of micropositioning technologies. Piezoelectric devices have several advantages over traditional motion-control devices, and also present design challenges for engineers trying to take advantage of this technology. ![]() Superior lifetime of our actuators is guaranteed with the patented ceramic-encapsulated multilayer production process.After several decades of research and development, piezoelectric actuators have evolved from their infancy stage in laboratories to use in mass-production industrial applications. ![]() This group is specialized in research, design and manufacture of piezo materials and components for motion control. We currently employ 180 staff at our piezo ceramics division " PI Ceramic". PI offers the largest selection of standard and custom piezo actuators and engineered subassemblies. They provide efficient force generation because no conversion from rotary to linear motion and no gears or mechanical other parts that require maintenance or lubrication are involved. Piezoelectric actuators (also known as piezo transducers, or piezo translators) are based on the piezoelectric effect and convert electrical energy directly into linear motion with virtually unlimited resolution. ![]() |
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